Naphthoquinones and Their Derivatives: Emerging Trends in Combating Microbial Pathogens

In the current era, an ever-emerging threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose serious health challenges to mankind. Researchers are uninterruptedly putting their efforts design and develop alternative, innovative strategies tackle antibiotic resistance displayed by varied pathogens. Among several naturally derived chemically synthesized compounds, quinones have achieved a distinct position defeat microbial This review unleashes structural diversity promising biological activities naphthoquinones (NQs) derivatives documented in past two decades. Further, realizing functional potentialities, researchers were encouraged approach NQs as lead molecules. We retrieved information that is dedicated on applications (antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic) NQs. The multiple roles offer them armory combat including MDR ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) group. bacteria, may exhibit function following ways (1) plasmid curing, (2) inhibiting efflux pumps (EPs), (3) generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), (4) inhibition topoisomerase activity. Sparse but meticulous literature suggests mechanistic highlighted possible mechanisms how targeted drug synthesis can be via molecular docking analysis. bioinformatics-oriented will explicitly development effective most potent drugs against approaches emerging molecules like might prove milestone battle